What role does pasteurization play in extending the shelf life of products?

Pasteurization primarily works by reducing spoilage organisms and pathogenic bacteria that can lead to food decay and illness. This heat treatment process effectively lowers the number of microorganisms present in a product, which directly contributes to extending its shelf life. By significantly decreasing bacterial load, pasteurization helps maintain the quality of the food or beverage for a longer period while making it safer for consumption.

While other options might have some relevance in specific contexts, they do not effectively encompass the main purpose of pasteurization. For instance, increasing sugar content, enhancing nutrient content, or providing additional flavors are not functions associated with the pasteurization process itself. Instead, those aspects may arise from other processes or ingredient adjustments separate from the primary goal of effacing detrimental microbes that affect food preservation.